Researching and Writing About Postal Cancellations and Markings
Welcome to our guide on researching and writing about postal cancellations and markings. Whether you’re a seasoned philatelist or just starting out in the world of stamp collecting, understanding the significance of postal cancellations and markings is essential. These fascinating artifacts provide valuable insights into the postal history of a region or period and can uncover hidden stories behind the letters and packages that traveled through the mail.
Postal cancellations and markings are two terms often used interchangeably, but they have different meanings. A postmark is a postal marking applied to a cover to indicate the date and place of mailing, while a cancellation is a marking applied to a stamp to show that it has been used and is no longer valid for postage. Postmarks predate adhesive postage stamps and can be found on stampless covers. Manuscript cancels, made by hand with a pen or other writing device, are one of the earliest forms of cancellation.
Throughout history, various types of cancellations have been used, including handstamps, machine cancels, and fancy cancels. Each type of cancellation has its own unique characteristics that can provide valuable information about the postal history of a specific time and place.
So, whether you’re interested in collecting postal cancellations, researching the postal history of a certain region, or simply want to learn more about the fascinating world of philately, this guide has got you covered. Let’s dive in and explore the captivating world of postal cancellations and markings!
Key Takeaways:
- Postal cancellations and markings are important subjects for philatelists and provide valuable insights into the postal history of a region or period.
- Postmarks are postal markings applied to covers, indicating the date and place of mailing, while cancellations are markings applied to stamps to show they have been used.
- There are various types of cancellations, including handstamps, machine cancels, and fancy cancels, each with its own unique characteristics.
- Collecting and researching postal cancellations can provide a deeper understanding and appreciation of the postal history of a country or region.
- Philatelic research involves studying postal archives, stamp catalogs, and analyzing the characteristics of cancellations to identify specific post offices or periods of operation.
The Difference Between Postmarks and Cancellations
In the world of philately, postmarks and cancellations are terms that collectors often come across. While these two terms are often used interchangeably, they actually have distinct meanings and functions.
A postmark is a postal marking that is applied to a cover, typically indicating the date and place of mailing. It can be found on both stampless covers and covers with adhesive postage stamps. Postmarks were used before the introduction of postage stamps and are considered an important part of postal history. They provide valuable insights into the mailing practices and routes of a particular region or period.
A cancellation, on the other hand, is a marking that is applied directly to a stamp to indicate that it has been used and is no longer valid for postage. It serves the purpose of preventing the reuse of stamps and ensuring that they cannot be used again. Cancellations can take various forms, including handstamps, machine cancels, and fancy cancels.
While a postmark can also function as a cancellation if it is applied directly to the stamp, it is important to note that postmarks are often found elsewhere on the cover, indicating the date and place of mailing. Understanding the difference between postmarks and cancellations is crucial for collectors and researchers in the field of philately, as it allows them to properly identify and classify the various markings they encounter.
Types of Cancellations
Throughout the history of postal services, several types of cancellations have been used to mark stamps and indicate their invalidity for postage. These cancellations vary in their method of application and appearance, providing insights into the postal history of different time periods and regions.
Manuscript Cancels
One of the earliest forms of cancellations is the manuscript cancel, which was created by hand using a pen or writing device. Postal clerks would carefully cross out or mark the stamp to indicate its use, rendering it invalid for future postage. Manuscript cancels have a raw and often irregular appearance, reflecting the manual nature of their application.
Handstamps
Handstamps were introduced to improve the efficiency of stamp cancellation. They are pre-made rubber or metal stamps that could be easily applied to stamps using ink pads. Handstamps often bear the name or logo of the post office and may include additional information such as the date or a designated number. Datestamps are a common type of handstamp used to indicate the mailing date.
Machine Cancels
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, machine cancels revolutionized the postal cancellation process. These automated devices could apply both postmarks and cancellations simultaneously, significantly speeding up the mail processing system. Machine cancels are often more uniform and legible compared to handwritten or handstamped cancellations.
Fancy Cancels
Fancy cancels are cancellations that feature unique and decorative designs or patterns. These cancellations were the product of the creativity of postal clerks who used handstamps or other tools to create visually appealing marks on stamps. Fancy cancels can range from simple geometric shapes to elaborate illustrations, adding aesthetic value to canceled stamps.
The image above showcases a collection of fancy cancels on various postage stamps. These cancellations demonstrate the artistic flair and individuality of postal clerks.
Historical Development of Postmarks and Cancellations
The development of postmarks and cancellations has evolved throughout the history of postal services. In the early days, postmarks were handwritten or stamped townmarks, indicating the place and date of mailing. As postage stamps were introduced, various postmarking devices were used to apply the postmark directly to the stamp or cover. These devices ranged from cork cancels to metal handstamp devices and eventually to machine cancels. The evolution of postmarks and cancellations reflects the advancements in postal technology and the need for efficient mail processing.
The historical development of postmarks and cancellations is a testament to the ingenuity and innovation of postal services. From handwritten townmarks to machine cancels, these marking devices have played a crucial role in the efficient processing of mail. As postal technology continues to advance, it is exciting to see how postmarks and cancellations will evolve further, leaving their mark on the postal history of the future.
Collecting and Researching Postal Cancellations and Markings
Collecting and researching postal cancellations and markings can be an incredibly rewarding and engaging hobby for philatelists. It offers a unique opportunity to delve into the rich history of mail systems and gain insights into specific regions and time periods.
When collecting postal cancellations, enthusiasts often seek out rare or unique examples that showcase the variety of markings used throughout history. These cancellations provide valuable clues about the development and operation of post offices, as well as the routes and methods of mail transportation. Each cancellation tells a story and contributes to our understanding of the postal history of a country or region.
Researching postal markings involves studying the different types of cancellations and their usage. By examining stamp catalogs and philatelic literature, collectors and researchers can identify and classify various cancellations. This research helps to unravel the historical context in which these cancellations were applied and sheds light on important aspects of postal operations.
Philatelic research, driven by a passion for postal history, involves delving deeper into the subject matter. This may include examining archival materials, such as postal records and documents, to gain further insights into specific post offices or periods of postal operation. Furthermore, analyzing the characteristics of cancellations can help identify unique traits and provide evidence of previously unknown postal offices or routes.
Collecting and researching postal cancellations and markings is not only about building a personal collection, but also about contributing to the broader field of philatelic research. By sharing findings and collaborating with other enthusiasts and experts, collectors can collectively expand our knowledge and appreciation of the postal history of a country or region.
Preserving History in Every Cancellation
“Each cancellation is a testament to the rich heritage of postal systems and the individuals who played a role in their operations. Through collecting and researching these markings, we ensure that a piece of our history is preserved for generations to come.” – Philatelic Enthusiast
Pictorial Postmarks and their Significance
Pictorial postmarks are special postmarks that feature words and graphics related to a specific event or occasion. They are often used to commemorate local events such as fairs, conventions, and anniversaries. Pictorial postmarks serve as unique postal souvenirs and are highly sought after by collectors.
To create a pictorial postmark, a hand canceling device is used, ensuring that the postmark is unique to the event. These postmarks are available only at the event or through mail order, making them exclusive and limited in availability.
The design of a pictorial postmark is provided by the sponsor or organizer of the event and must meet certain requirements. These requirements may include the incorporation of specific words or graphics that represent the event and make the postmark visually appealing and memorable.
Pictorial postmarks add a special touch to event commemorations. They serve as a tangible reminder of a memorable occasion and are cherished by collectors as unique pieces of postal history. Collectors and enthusiasts value pictorial postmarks for their aesthetic appeal and the story they tell about a specific event or landmark moment.
Applying for a Pictorial Postmark
Applying for a pictorial postmark is a straightforward process that requires the submission of a letter of request to the postmaster of the city where the postmark will be issued. This letter should include the name and contact information of the person responsible for the application, along with the design of the pictorial postmark and a description of the event it is intended to commemorate.
If the design of the pictorial postmark features copyrighted material or the name/image of an individual, it is necessary to include written authorization from the appropriate owners. This ensures that the design aligns with legal requirements and respects intellectual property rights.
Once the letter of request is submitted, the postmaster will review the application and notify the applicant of the approval process. If the application is approved, a temporary retail station will be set up at the event location to provide hand postmarking services and offer the sale of stamps and other postal products.
Types of Postmarks and Cancellations Throughout History
Throughout history, various types of postmarks and cancellations have been used by postal services to indicate important information about mail. These markings not only served practical purposes but also evolved as a form of artistic expression. Let’s explore some of the notable types of postmarks and cancellations that provide fascinating insights into the postal history of different time periods.
Bishop Mark
The Bishop mark is considered one of the earliest postmarks introduced in the 17th century. It was primarily used in Europe and indicated the date and month of mailing. This type of postmark, often consisting of a small square or circle with the month and date inside, helped postal workers track and organize mail efficiently.
Franklin Mark
The Franklin mark holds historical significance as it was commonly used during colonial times in America. Named after Benjamin Franklin, the first Postmaster General of the United States, this mark allowed certain individuals, including government officials, to mail letters for free. The Franklin mark served as both a postmark and a cancellation, saving postage fees for privileged individuals.
Fancy Cancels
The mid-19th century saw the rise of fancy cancels, which added a touch of creativity to traditional cancellations. These cancels featured unique designs, patterns, or shapes, often reflecting the character of a specific post office or the creativity of postal clerks. Fancy cancels became highly sought-after by collectors due to their aesthetic appeal and the fascinating stories they told about the communities they represented.
Evolution of Postmark Formats and Stamp Canceling Devices
Over time, postmark formats and stamp canceling devices have undergone significant advancements to keep pace with changing postal needs. Postal administrations introduced various formats for postmarks, including circular, oval, and rectangular shapes, to accommodate different languages and improve legibility.
Stamp canceling devices have also evolved to ensure efficient mail processing. From initial manual methods, such as pen cancels and handstamps, to more automated technologies like precancels and machine cancels, these devices have played a vital role in marking stamps as void for postage. Stamp canceling devices not only saved time but also facilitated the re-use of canceled stamps as revenue stamps or charity seals.
By studying the types of postmarks and cancellations used throughout history, philatelists and researchers gain valuable insights into the postal practices and technological advancements of different periods. These markings provide a glimpse into the past and tell the stories of how mail was processed, delivered, and commemorated.
Role of Machine Cancels in Modern Mail Processing
In modern mail processing, machine cancels play a significant role in efficiently handling large volumes of mail. These innovative mail processing machines, such as the Automatic Facer-Canceller (AFC), incorporate advanced technologies to streamline the postal operations.
One key feature of these machines is their ability to use ultraviolet light for the detection of the phosphorescent coating on stamps. By analyzing the reaction to UV light, the machine accurately identifies the position of the stamp on the mail item, ensuring precise postmark application.
The Automatic Facer-Canceller and similar mail processing machines not only detect the stamps but also automatically arrange the mail items in the correct orientation for postmarking. By efficiently aligning the stamps, these machines eliminate the need for manual adjustments, saving time and effort in the mail processing workflow.
Once the mail item is properly positioned, the machine applies the postmark and cancellation simultaneously. This simultaneous application ensures that the stamp is clearly marked as used and invalid, fulfilling its purpose as proof of payment for postage. The machine’s high-speed operation significantly speeds up the process compared to manual handstamp devices, allowing for efficient handling of large mail volumes.
While machine cancels are undoubtedly fast and efficient, it’s worth noting that collectors and enthusiasts often have a preference for contemporaneous cancels. Contemporaneous cancels are postmarks applied at the time of stamp usage, resulting in more aesthetic appeal and historical significance for philatelists.
The Importance of Postmarks and Cancellations in Philatelic Research
Postmarks and cancellations play a significant role in philatelic research and the study of postal history. These historical artifacts provide valuable insights into the postal operations of specific times and places, shedding light on the establishment and operation of post offices, the routes of mail transportation, and the usage of stamps.
Postmarks and cancellations serve as tangible records of the mailing of letters and packages, representing the postal services of a region. By analyzing these markings, researchers can uncover a wealth of information about the social, economic, and political contexts of the time periods they represent.
Philatelic research, fueled by the study of postmarks and cancellations, allows collectors and historians to piece together the intricate puzzle of postal history. It enables us to understand how mail was handled, processed, and delivered, providing a fascinating glimpse into the communication systems of the past.
Furthermore, the analysis of postmarks and cancellations can help identify rare or unique postal markings that might have specific historical significance. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the evolution of postal services, the development of mail routes, and the overall progression of society.
As historical artifacts, postmarks and cancellations are not only important to philatelists and collectors but also to researchers interested in the broader context of postal history. The study of these postal markings can uncover hidden stories and shed light on the intricacies of communication in bygone eras.
Overall, postmarks and cancellations serve as invaluable resources for exploring the vast domain of postal history. Through their analysis, researchers can piece together the puzzle of our collective past, exploring the journeys of letters and packages as they traveled through time and space.
Resources for Researching Postal Cancellations and Markings
When it comes to delving into the world of postal cancellations and markings, there are several valuable resources available to collectors and researchers. These resources provide a wealth of information and can enhance one’s knowledge and understanding of this fascinating field.
Postal archives, whether in physical or online form, are a treasure trove of historical documents and records related to postmarks and cancellations. These archives house valuable insights into the postal operations of different regions and time periods, allowing researchers to explore the rich history behind these markings.
Stamp catalogs are another invaluable resource for studying postal cancellations and markings. They provide detailed information on various types of cancellations, including their catalog numbers. By consulting stamp catalogs, collectors can identify and categorize different variations of cancellations, guiding them in their pursuit of rare and unique specimens.
For those looking to dive deeper into the world of postal cancellations and markings, philatelic literature offers in-depth studies and analysis. Books and journals dedicated to the subject provide comprehensive coverage of specific aspects of postal history and postal markings. These resources offer a deep understanding of the development and significance of cancellations, adding valuable context to any collection or research.
Lastly, online resources such as philatelic websites and forums serve as a valuable hub of knowledge and discussion. These online platforms provide access to a vast array of information, including scanned images of cancellations shared by collectors and researchers worldwide. Engaging with the online philatelic community can be a rewarding experience, as it allows enthusiasts to connect and learn from one another’s experiences and expertise.
