How to Identify and Classify Different Types of Postmarks
Postmarks play a crucial role in the world of stamp collecting. These marks, applied to mail cancellations, offer valuable insights into the time and location of mailing. By understanding the unique characteristics of postmarks, collectors can effectively identify and categorize various types of stamps, enhancing their stamp collections and knowledge. In this article, we will dive into the fascinating world of postmarks, exploring their history, classification, and significance.
Key Takeaways:
- Postmarks provide important information about the time and place of mailing.
- Understanding postmark characteristics helps collectors organize their stamp collections.
- The history of postmarks dates back to the introduction of adhesive stamps.
- The 4-bar postmark is classified into eight major types (A to H) based on various parameters.
- Stamps can be classified as definitives, commemoratives, or special stamps.
The History of Postmarks
Postmarks have a rich history that dates back to the introduction of adhesive stamps for prepayment of postage. These invaluable markings provide crucial information about the time and place of mailing, allowing collectors and historians to piece together the story of a letter’s journey.
One of the earliest forms of postmarks were the Doane hand-stamps, which were issued between 1903 and 1906. These hand-stamps served as the forerunner of the iconic 4-bar hand-stamp that would come to dominate the postmark landscape.
Over time, the appearance of 4-bar postmarks evolved, with variations in size, shape, and design. These changes in appearance have become key factors in the classification of postmarks, allowing collectors to differentiate between different types and eras.
Notably, the classification scheme developed by Richard W. Helbock, Doug DeRoest, and Randy Stehle has become widely accepted within the philatelic community. This system categorizes postmarks used until the introduction of the ZIP code in 1963, providing a comprehensive framework for identifying and organizing these historical artifacts.
Understanding the history and evolution of postmarks not only enhances the appreciation of stamp collecting as a hobby but also contributes to the preservation of postal history for future generations.
Postmarks bear witness to the passage of time and reflect the vibrant story of our global postal systems. With each cancellation and stamp combination, a unique piece of history is preserved, telling the tale of communication and connectivity across the world.
Classifying the 4-Bar Postmark
The 4-bar postmark, introduced in 1906, is a unique identifier for stamp collectors. To accurately identify and classify different types of 4-bar postmarks, a classification scheme has been developed. This scheme categorizes the postmarks into eight major types, represented by the letters A to H. Within some of these major types, there are also subtypes.
The classification of 4-bar postmarks is based on various physical parameters. These parameters include the diameter of the circular date stamp, the vertical span of the killer bars, the width and length of the bars, the style of the bars, and the style of the type.
By analyzing these parameters, collectors can determine the precise type of 4-bar postmark they have in their collection. Understanding the characteristics and differences between the various types of 4-bar postmarks enhances the overall knowledge and value of a stamp collection.
To visually demonstrate the different types of 4-bar postmarks, refer to the image below:
By referencing the image and paying attention to the physical parameters mentioned earlier, collectors can easily identify and classify the 4-bar postmarks in their collection.
Definitive, Commemorative, and Special Stamps
Stamps come in various types, each with its own significance and purpose. Let’s explore the three main categories: definitive stamps, commemorative stamps, and special stamps.
Definitive Stamps
Definitive stamps are the workhorses of the postal system. They are issued in large quantities for an indefinite period and do not honor a specific time-dated event. These stamps are typically smaller in size and less colorful compared to other types. Definitives are designed for everyday use and are readily available for postal use. For example, the United States Postal Service’s “mail-use stamps” fall under the category of definitive stamps. Let us take a look at one such example:
Commemorative Stamps
Commemorative stamps are printed in a limited quantity and available for a limited time. They are designed to honor specific events, anniversaries, or individuals. These stamps are often more vibrant and visually appealing than definitives. Commemoratives are sought after by collectors as they capture a moment in history or celebrate a significant milestone. Let’s take a look at one popular commemorative stamp:
Special Stamps
Special stamps, like definitives, are issued in large quantities. However, they do not commemorate a specific event. Instead, special stamps are usually released for a limited time and offer unique and eye-catching designs. These stamps showcase various themes, such as holidays, celebrations, or cultural symbols. Let’s explore an example of special stamps:
As you can see, stamps come in different types, each serving a distinct purpose. Definitive stamps provide the essential postage needs, commemoratives capture significant moments, and special stamps add a touch of allure to postal collections. Collectors and enthusiasts alike appreciate the variety and significance of these stamps in the world of philately.
Characteristics of Definitive Stamps
Definitive stamps are a common type of postage stamp that serves as an everyday staple for mailing purposes. Unlike commemorative stamps that honor specific events or anniversaries, definitive stamps are designed for regular, ongoing use. They are typically smaller in size and less colorful compared to other types of stamps, featuring simple and timeless designs.
One of the defining characteristics of definitive stamps is their indefinite issuance. They are produced in large quantities and remain in circulation for an extended period, often years or even decades. This makes them readily available to the general public and ensures a continuous supply of stamps for everyday mailing needs.
Definitive stamps serve as a reliable choice for various postage denominations and can be used on a wide range of mail items, from letters and postcards to packages. Their versatility and practicality make them a popular choice among collectors and postal users alike.
Example of Definitive Stamps:
- Egyptian 1914 2-millieme Cleopatra stamp: This particular definitive stamp features a sculpted likeness of Cleopatra VII Philopater, the renowned queen of ancient Egypt. Its design is a tribute to Egypt’s rich history and heritage.
- United States Postal Service’s “mail-use stamps”: These definitive stamps, commonly referred to as “flag stamps,” depict the American flag and are widely used for regular postage on domestic mail. They symbolize patriotism and the values associated with the United States.
Definitive stamps continue to play a vital role in the postal system, providing a reliable and accessible means of sending mail. Their practicality, timeless designs, and widespread availability make them an essential part of stamp collecting and everyday postage usage.
Understanding Commemorative Stamps
Commemorative stamps represent a special category in the philatelic world. These stamps are not meant for everyday postal use but are designed to honor specific events, anniversaries, or individuals. They are often printed in a relatively limited quantity and available for a limited time, making them highly sought after by collectors.
The characteristics of commemorative stamps set them apart from other types of stamps. Unlike definitive stamps, which are issued in large quantities and are not tied to any specific event or anniversary, commemorative stamps are intended to serve as a tribute. They typically feature vibrant designs and unique motifs that symbolize the subject being recognized.
Commemorative stamps offer a glimpse into historical, cultural, and social aspects of a country. They provide a visual representation of noteworthy milestones, such as the birth bicentenary of a famous personality or the commemoration of a significant historical event. These stamps not only serve as colorful additions to stamp collections but also allow collectors to celebrate and remember important moments in history.
Examples of Commemorative Stamps:
- The French 1.75-franc “Costume of the Champagne Region” stamp was issued to commemorate the 300th anniversary of the birth of Dom Pierre Perignon. This stamp depicts the traditional attire worn in the Champagne region, reflecting the cultural significance of the celebrated sparkling wine.
- The “collectible issues” released by the United States Postal Service are another notable example of commemorative stamps. These stamps pay homage to a wide range of subjects, including famous individuals, historic landmarks, and significant events in American history. Each issue showcases unique design elements that reflect the spirit of what is being commemorated.
Commemorative stamps evoke emotions and preserve memories in a tangible form. They serve as tiny windows into the past, reminding us of the people, achievements, and historical events that have shaped our world. Collecting commemorative stamps allows philatelists to celebrate these moments while appreciating the artistic and cultural value they hold.
Special Stamps and Their Types
Special stamps, like definitives, are issued in large quantities and do not commemorate a specific event. They are usually more colorful and on sale for a limited time. These stamps add a touch of uniqueness and excitement to any stamp collection.
Examples of special stamps include:
- Holiday Stamps: Christmas, Hanukkah, and New Year stamps. These festive stamps capture the spirit of the holiday season, featuring traditional symbols and motifs that bring joy and warmth.
- Love Stamps: Valentine’s Day stamps that celebrate the universal language of love. These stamps often depict symbols of love and affection, such as hearts, flowers, and sentimental artwork.
- Greetings Stamps: Canada’s Celebrations series, which includes stamps for various occasions like birthdays, weddings, and anniversaries. These stamps help convey well wishes and congratulations to loved ones.
Special stamps offer collectors an opportunity to showcase their personal interests and add a pop of color to their collections. They bring a sense of joy and celebration, making them highly sought after by stamp enthusiasts.
Regular and Provisional Postage Stamps
Postage stamps are an essential part of the postal system, allowing individuals to prepay for mail delivery. These stamps can be categorized into two main types: regular stamps and provisional stamps.
Regular Stamps
Regular stamps are specifically designed and produced to prepay the required postage for various types of mail. They are typically available in different denominations to accommodate different mailing needs. Regular stamps are produced in large quantities and are readily available at post offices and authorized retailers.
Regular stamps are designed to be used over a prolonged period, and their designs often feature symbols or iconic images representing the issuing country. Examples of regular stamps include the iconic United States “Forever” stamp, which can be used for domestic first-class mail regardless of future price increases, and the United Kingdom’s Queen Elizabeth II definitive stamps.
Provisional Stamps
Provisional stamps, as the name suggests, are created to meet a temporary demand when regular stamps are not available or in limited supply. These stamps are often produced by modifying existing stamps through overprinting or bisecting techniques to change their denominations or intended purpose.
Provisional stamps can be issued during times of emergencies, postal strikes, or when new denominations are needed due to changes in postal rates. These stamps serve as a temporary solution until a new supply of regular stamps becomes available.
Examples of provisional stamps include the 75¢ Labrador stamp issued by Newfoundland during the temporary shortage of regular stamps and the Polish 10-heller provisional stamp created during a currency change.
“Provisional stamps provide a fascinating glimpse into the ingenuity of postal authorities when faced with challenging circumstances.” – Stamp Collector’s Journal
It is worth noting that while provisional stamps may have unique designs or characteristics, their usage is typically limited to the specific temporary circumstances for which they were issued. Once regular stamps are readily available again, the usage of provisional stamps ceases.
Understanding the distinction between regular and provisional stamps helps stamp collectors appreciate the diverse range of stamps available and adds depth to their collections.
Understanding Cancels and Postmarks
Cancels and postmarks are essential elements in the world of stamp collecting, although they often get used interchangeably. However, it’s important to note that cancels and postmarks are not the same thing. Understanding the differences between them can help collectors accurately describe and analyze their stamps.
A postmark refers to a postal marking that is applied to a cover or envelope to indicate the date and place of mailing. It provides valuable information about the origin and timing of the mail. Postmarks have been used since early postal systems were established, and they can even be found on stampless covers.
A cancel, on the other hand, is a postal marking that is specifically applied to a stamp itself. Its purpose is to indicate that the stamp has been used and is no longer valid for postage. When a stamp is canceled, it typically means that the stamp has fulfilled its intended purpose of prepaying the postage for a piece of mail.
“Postmarks and cancels play distinct roles in the world of stamp collecting. Postmarks help us track the historical journey and origins of mail, while cancels provide tangible evidence that a stamp has served its purpose.”
Postmarks and cancels can vary in appearance depending on factors such as the time period, location, and postal service regulations. Postmarks are typically applied by postal workers in post offices, while cancels can be made using various methods. Hand cancels involve manually marking the stamp with a pen or other writing instrument, while machine cancels are done by automated canceling machines.
Understanding cancels and postmarks is crucial for stamp collectors as it allows them to accurately describe and classify their stamp collections. By recognizing the differences between cancels and postmarks, collectors can effectively analyze the historical context and significance of each stamp they encounter.
Stay tuned for the next section where we further explore the significance and characteristics of different types of stamps.
Conclusion
In conclusion, identifying and classifying different types of postmarks is essential for stamp collectors. By understanding the characteristics and history of postmarks, collectors can accurately categorize and organize their stamp collections. This knowledge enables collectors to appreciate the significance of each type of stamp, whether it be a definitive, commemorative, or special stamp.
Furthermore, distinguishing between cancels and postmarks is crucial for collectors to describe and analyze their stamps effectively. While postmarks indicate the date and place of mailing on covers, cancels signify that a stamp has been used and is no longer valid for postage. Understanding these differences allows collectors to provide accurate descriptions and insights into their stamp collections.
With a comprehensive understanding of postmark identification and classification, stamp collectors can dive deeper into the world of philately. They can explore the rich history and unique characteristics of different types of postmarks, building a collection that reflects their passion and expertise. By continuing to learn and refine their knowledge, collectors can find joy in the art of stamp collecting for years to come.
