Gum Varieties and Their Significance in Philately
In philately, gum is the substance applied to the back of a stamp to enable it to adhere to a letter or other mailed item. While often overlooked, gum is of high importance in the world of stamp collecting. It serves not only as a crucial practical element but also as a factor that can significantly affect the desirability, value, and condition of a stamp.
Gum varieties can vary in color, texture, application technique, and even include unique imprints or watermarks. Understanding different types of gum and their significance can provide valuable insights into stamp production, history, and philatelic considerations.
Key Takeaways:
- Stamp gum is the adhesive substance applied to the back of stamps for adherence.
- Gum plays a critical role in stamp collecting and can affect desirability and value.
- Different gum varieties exist, showcasing variations in color, texture, and application techniques.
- Gum imprints and watermarks can be of special interest to collectors.
- Understanding gum varieties contributes to a deeper appreciation of stamp production and philatelic considerations.
History of Stamp Gum
Before postage stamps existed, people had to pay for letters based on weight and distance. The introduction of stamp gum revolutionized the prepayment system, making it more efficient and convenient.
In 1837, Rowland Hill, an English postal reformer, invented stamp gum as a solution to the prepayment problem. This invention paved the way for the creation of the world’s first adhesive postage stamp, known as the Penny Black.
Early stamps, however, were not always gummed. Some stamps were issued without gum, requiring the use of separate adhesives to affix them to mail. The adoption of gumming stamps simplified the process and made it more accessible to the general public.
The gum used on the first stamps of Great Britain was a mixture of potato starch, wheat starch, and acacia gum. This combination provided a sticky adhesive that allowed stamps to adhere securely to envelopes, ensuring the reliable delivery of mail.
Overall, the invention of stamp gum was a significant milestone in the history of philately, providing a practical and efficient solution for prepayment and facilitating the widespread use of postage stamps.
| Year | Event |
|---|---|
| 1837 | Rowland Hill invents stamp gum, leading to the creation of the Penny Black |
| Later years | Gumming stamps becomes the standard practice, making it easier for users to affix stamps to mail |
| First stamps of Great Britain | Gum made from a mixture of potato starch, wheat starch, and acacia gum |
Types and Application of Stamp Gum
Stamp gum serves a crucial role in philately, allowing stamps to adhere to letters and other mailed items. Over the years, different types of gum adhesives have been utilized, with advancements in the gumming process ensuring uniform application for a professional finish. Let’s explore the various types of stamp gum and their application process.
Types of Stamp Gum
Stamp gum adhesives have evolved to meet specific requirements and improve stamp functionality. Here are some common types of stamp gum:
- Dextrin: Dextrin-based gum, made from starches, is widely used for its adhesive properties.
- Gum Arabic: Derived from the sap of the acacia tree, gum arabic provides a strong and durable adhesive.
- Glue: Traditional adhesive glue has been employed for gumming stamps, ensuring effective adhesion.
- Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA): PVA gum offers excellent adhesion and is commonly used for self-adhesive stamps.
These different gum types cater to the diverse needs of philatelists, providing options for both traditional gummed stamps and modern self-adhesive stamps.
Gumming Process and Uniform Application
The gumming process has undergone significant advancements throughout history. Initially, gum was applied by hand, but in 1880, the introduction of machine gumming revolutionized stamp production. Machine gumming allowed for mass production with greater precision, ensuring uniform application of gum to each stamp.
To achieve a professional finish, stamp gum is now spread as uniformly as possible, covering the entire adhesive surface. This uniform application ensures consistent adhesion and minimizes the risk of stamps peeling or coming loose after use.
However, the gumming process can sometimes cause stamps to curl due to the moisture present in the gum. To prevent this issue, various methods have been employed, including drying the gum in a controlled environment or using special driers during production.
Patterned Gum for Additional Security
In some cases, gum is applied in a pattern resembling a watermark on stamps to provide an additional security feature. This patterned gum can help distinguish genuine stamps from counterfeits and deter fraudulent activities.
Take a look at this visual representation showcasing the different types of stamp gum and their application process:
| Gum Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Dextrin | Starch-based adhesive offering effective adhesion |
| Gum Arabic | Derived from acacia tree sap, provides strong and durable adhesion |
| Glue | Traditional adhesive offering reliable gumming |
| Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) | Modern adhesive with excellent adhesion, commonly used for self-adhesive stamps |
Understanding the types of stamp gum and the gumming process enhances our appreciation for the meticulous craftsmanship behind each stamp. Stay tuned as we dive deeper into other fascinating aspects of philately in the upcoming sections.
Self-Adhesive Stamps
In recent years, self-adhesive stamps, also known as pressure-sensitive stamps, have gained widespread popularity in the world of philately. Unlike traditional gummed stamps which require moisture for adhesion, self-adhesive stamps feature a smooth release carrier backing that eliminates the need for licking or moistening. Instead, these stamps can be easily peeled from the backing and affixed to mail items with a simple pressure-sensitive technique.
The introduction of self-adhesive stamps revolutionized the stamp industry, offering a convenient and mess-free alternative for collectors and mailers alike. Sierra Leone was the first country to issue self-adhesive stamps in 1964, and since then, many postal services around the world have adopted this innovative postage solution.
The transition from traditional water-based stamps to self-adhesive stamps in the United States Postal Service took place in the 1990s, marking a significant shift in stamp production and usage. Today, self-adhesive stamps are widely available, providing ease-of-use and convenience for both postal operators and stamp collectors.
Advantages of Self-Adhesive Stamps:
- Convenient and mess-free application
- No need for moistening or licking
- Easily removable from the backing
- Reduces the risk of damage during application
- Allows for precise placement
Disadvantages of Self-Adhesive Stamps:
- Potential for peeling or curling if not properly applied
- May leave residue on surfaces if removed
- May require additional protection during long-term storage
Despite some drawbacks, self-adhesive stamps have become a popular choice for collectors and mailers due to their convenience and ease of use. The transition to self-adhesive stamps has significantly impacted the way stamps are produced, collected, and used in the world of philately.
Health Risks of Stamp Gum
While postage stamps may seem harmless, studies have revealed that gummed paper used for stamp adhesion can pose potential health risks due to bacterial contamination. Handling gummed stamps requires careful attention to minimize exposure to these microorganisms.
Bacterial contamination has been observed on gummed paper used in postage stamps, indicating that the gum can harbor bacteria and viruses. The moisture and organic matter in the gum provide a suitable environment for these microorganisms to thrive.
Careful handling of gummed stamps is essential to mitigate the potential health risks. It is advisable to avoid touching the gum directly, especially if you have cuts or open wounds on your hands. Additionally, refrain from licking or moistening the gum to prevent potential ingestion of bacteria.
As a result of these health concerns, there has been an increased demand for self-adhesive stamps. Unlike gummed stamps, self-adhesive stamps have a smooth release carrier backing, ensuring the stamp does not adhere as strongly. The popularity of self-adhesive stamps has grown due to their convenience and reduced risk of bacterial contamination.
To protect your health and maintain hygiene when dealing with gummed stamps, adhere to the following guidelines:
- Use stamp tongs or gloves to handle gummed stamps, minimizing direct contact with the gummed surface.
- Avoid licking or moistening the gum for stamp adhesion.
- Clean your hands thoroughly after handling gummed stamps.
- Consider using self-adhesive stamps as an alternative to traditional gummed stamps.
By following these preventive measures, stamp collectors and enthusiasts can enjoy their hobby while prioritizing their health.
| Health Risks of Stamp Gum | Preventive Measures |
|---|---|
| Bacterial contamination on gummed paper | Use stamp tongs or gloves |
| Increased risk of bacterial ingestion | Avoid licking or moistening the gum |
| Popularity of self-adhesive stamps | Consider using self-adhesive stamps |
Philatelic Considerations
When it comes to stamp collecting, philatelists have certain considerations that play a crucial role in determining the value and desirability of stamps. One important factor is the condition of the gum on unused stamps. The gum is the substance applied to the back of a stamp to enable it to adhere to a letter or mailing.
Mint stamps with undamaged original gum are highly sought after by collectors and often command higher prices in the market. These stamps are in pristine condition, with the gum intact and free from any damage. On the other hand, stamps with damaged or lost gum are generally of lower value, as they lack the original backing that collectors prefer.
It’s worth noting that some stamps were actually issued without gum altogether. These stamps were typically designed for specific purposes, such as revenue stamps or certain commemorative issues. While they may not have the traditional gum, they still hold value and interest for specialized collectors.
Collecting gum varieties is another intriguing aspect of philately. Different types of gum adhesives have been used on stamps throughout history, including dextrin, gum arabic, glue, and polyvinyl alcohol. Each type of gum can exhibit unique characteristics and variations in appearance, texture, and durability.
Philatelists strive to maintain the integrity of the gum on their stamps, as stamps with original backing gum are considered more desirable. This involves handling stamps with care to prevent any damage to the gum and storing them in suitable conditions to preserve their condition over time.
Here is a table summarizing the philatelic considerations related to the condition of unused stamps and the collecting of gum varieties:
| Condition of Unused Stamps | Collecting Gum Varieties |
|---|---|
| Mint stamps with undamaged original gum are highly valued. | Different types of gum adhesives have been used on stamps. |
| Stamps with damaged or lost gum have lower value. | Gum varieties can exhibit unique characteristics and variations. |
| Some stamps were issued without gum altogether. | Philatelists strive to maintain the integrity of the gum. |
By carefully considering the condition of unused stamps and exploring the fascinating world of gum varieties, collectors can enhance their philatelic pursuits and discover stamps of great value and interest.
Varieties of Gum
When it comes to stamp collecting, even the gum on the back of a stamp can hold special significance. Collectors have a keen eye for the various varieties of gum found on stamps, as they can provide valuable insights into a stamp’s history and production. Let’s take a closer look at some of these gum varieties:
Text and Symbol Imprints
Some stamps feature imprints on the adhesive gum, which adds an extra layer of intrigue for collectors. These imprints can include text or symbols that provide additional information or enhance the stamp’s design. Stamps with text or symbol imprints on the gum are highly sought after by philatelists.
Watermarked Gum
Watermarked gum is another fascinating variety that captures the attention of stamp collectors. Watermarks on the gum are created during the production process and provide a hidden, subtle design element that adds to the stamp’s uniqueness. These watermarks can be an intriguing feature for collectors seeking rare and distinctive stamps.
“Stamps with imprints or watermarked gum hold a special appeal for collectors, as they offer insights into the stamp’s production process and add an extra layer of visual interest.”
In addition to these special gum varieties, older stamp issues often have gum that causes the stamps to roll. While this may seem like a minor detail, it can actually help distinguish between different production runs and provide valuable information for collectors.
| Gum Varieties | Description |
|---|---|
| Text and Symbol Imprints | Gum with imprints of text or symbols, adding extra intrigue to the stamp. |
| Watermarked Gum | Gum with hidden watermarks, adding a subtle and unique design element to the stamp. |
| Rolling Gum | Gum that causes stamps to roll, distinguishing between different production runs. |
As collectors continue to delve into the world of stamp gum varieties, the quest for finding stamps with unique gum characteristics remains an exciting journey. Whether it’s imprints, watermarks, or other distinctive features, the gum on stamps reflects the rich history and artistry of philately.
Paper Damage through Stamp Gum
Stamp gum is an essential component of postage stamps, but it can also pose a significant risk to the integrity of stamp paper over time. Certain types of gum, particularly acidic ones, have been known to cause paper damage and even stamp disintegration. In this section, we will explore the potential damage that can occur due to stamp gum and its implications for stamp collectors.
Excess acid in stamp gum can gradually eat away at the fibers of stamp paper, leading to discoloration, brittleness, and weakening of the paper. Over time, this damage can cause stamps to break apart, disintegrate, or become unusable. Paper damage through stamp gum is a common concern among philatelists, as it can significantly decrease the value of stamps.
Stamp catalogs and experts recommend removing the gum from postage stamps to prevent further damage. By carefully removing the gum, collectors can mitigate the risk of paper degradation and preserve the stamps in a better condition. Regummed stamps, where the original gum has been replaced, are generally considered less valuable than stamps with intact original gum.
Stamp Disintegration Example
“I had a stamp from the early 20th century with acidic gum, and over time, the stamp disintegrated in my collection. It was a significant loss because the stamp was quite rare and valuable. Since then, I have learned to be cautious about the type of gum on stamps and take proper measures to preserve them.” – Jane Johnson, Stamp Collector
It is crucial for stamp collectors and enthusiasts to be aware of the potential damage caused by stamp gum and take proactive steps to protect their collections. Removing acidic gum, storing stamps in a controlled environment, and avoiding exposure to excessive heat and humidity are essential practices to prevent paper damage and maintain the value of stamps.
By understanding the risks associated with stamp gum and adopting appropriate preservation techniques, collectors can ensure the longevity and value of their stamp collections.
Gum Varieties in CBN Printings
CBN printings of Centennial stamps exhibit a range of gum variations that add to their uniqueness and collectability. The gum on these stamps can vary in color, texture, streakiness, and sheen, providing philatelists with an exciting array of options to explore.
Dextrose Gum
One type of gum commonly found in CBN printings is dextrose gum. This gum can appear in two distinct variations:
- Streaky Dextrose Gum: This variant features a streaky pattern on the gum surface, which adds a touch of visual interest and uniqueness to the stamp.
- Smooth Dextrose Gum: The smooth variation of dextrose gum offers a more classic and uniform appearance, making it a popular choice among collectors.
PVA Gum
Another gum variety seen in CBN printings is PVA gum. PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) gum is characterized by its light cream color and smooth surface with an eggshell sheen.
What’s interesting about PVA gum is that there are two types with different overall sheens:
- PVA Gum with Standard Sheen: This type of PVA gum has a subtle, gentle sheen that adds a touch of elegance to the stamp.
- PVA Gum with Enhanced Sheen: The other type of PVA gum features a slightly more pronounced sheen, giving the stamp a glossy finish and enhancing its visual appeal.
These gum varieties in CBN printings offer collectors a fascinating glimpse into the diverse world of stamp gum, showcasing the creativity and artistry involved in the production process.
| Gum Type | Characteristics |
|---|---|
| Streaky Dextrose Gum | A streaky pattern on the gum surface |
| Smooth Dextrose Gum | A classic and uniform gum appearance |
| PVA Gum with Standard Sheen | Subtle sheen, adding elegance to the stamp |
| PVA Gum with Enhanced Sheen | Pronounced sheen, providing a glossy finish |
Gum Varieties in BABN Printings
When it comes to the gum varieties in BABN (British American Bank Note) printings of Centennial stamps, there are some distinct characteristics that set them apart from CBN (Canadian Bank Note) printings. One notable difference is the lighter gum colors used in BABN printings, which create a unique look for these stamps.
High Gloss Gum
One of the gum variations found in BABN printings is the high gloss gum. This type of gum has a smooth and shiny appearance, giving the stamps a polished look. The high gloss gum is often accompanied by streaks, adding an interesting visual element to the stamps.
Semi-Gloss Gum
Another gum variety seen in BABN printings is the semi-gloss gum. This type of gum has a slightly less shiny finish compared to the high gloss gum, but still provides a sleek appearance. The semi-gloss gum adds a subtle sheen to the stamps, enhancing their overall aesthetic.
Satin Gum with Diagonal Crack Pattern
The satin gum with a diagonal crack pattern is a unique feature found in some BABN printings. This gum variety has a smooth surface with a diagonal crack pattern imprinted on it. The diagonal cracks add texture and depth to the gum, creating an interesting visual effect on the stamps.
The gum on BABN printings is always smoothly and evenly applied, ensuring a consistent appearance across all stamps. The combination of the light cream gum colors and the various gum variations make BABN printings stand out in the world of philately.
| Gum Variety | Description |
|---|---|
| High Gloss Gum | Gum with a smooth and shiny appearance, accompanied by streaks |
| Semi-Gloss Gum | Gum with a slightly less shiny finish, providing a sleek appearance |
| Satin Gum with Diagonal Crack Pattern | Gum with a smooth surface and a diagonal crack pattern, adding texture to the stamps |
PVA Gum in CBN Printings
CBN printings of Centennial stamps also feature PVA gum, which stands for polyvinyl alcohol, a type of adhesive. The PVA gum used in CBN printings is a light cream color with an eggshell sheen, giving the stamps a distinctive appearance. Unlike other gum varieties, the PVA gum is completely smooth and thin, allowing the rough texture of the paper to show through.
One notable feature of the PVA gum in CBN printings is that there are two types with different overall sheens. While both types have a light cream color and an eggshell sheen, one type is slightly more shiny than the other. This slight difference adds to the allure of collecting Centennial stamps with PVA gum, as collectors seek variations and nuances within stamp production.
The use of PVA gum in CBN printings showcases the evolution of stamp gum over time and the constant advancements in adhesive technology. The light cream color and eggshell sheen of the PVA gum contribute to the overall aesthetics of the Centennial stamps and make them a unique addition to any philatelist’s collection.
