Exploring the World of Coil Stamp Varieties
Coil stamp varieties are a fascinating subset of philatelic items that offer a unique glimpse into the history of postage stamps. These stamps, known as the Washington-Franklin series, were issued by the United States Post Office Department from 1908 to 1922. They are characterized by their distinctive designs featuring portraits of President Washington and Benjamin Franklin. These stamps come in over 250 varieties, each with different catalog numbers, making them highly collectible.
Key Takeaways
- Coil stamp varieties provide a unique glimpse into the history of postage stamps.
- The Washington-Franklin series is known for its distinctive designs featuring President Washington and Benjamin Franklin.
- There are over 250 varieties of coil stamps in the Washington-Franklin series, each with different catalog numbers.
- Collecting coil stamp varieties can be a rewarding hobby for philatelic enthusiasts.
- Coil stamp varieties are highly sought after by collectors due to their historical significance and uniqueness.
The Washington-Franklin Stamps of 1908-1922
The Washington-Franklin stamps, also known as the Third Bureau Issues, were printed from 1908 to 1922. These stamps are considered to be the most difficult US stamps to identify due to their various printing techniques and presentation, including coil stamps and a new watermark.
There are four major elements to understand when identifying these stamps: design, perforations, watermarks, and press type. Additionally, there are four minor elements to consider, including paper types and different “2 CENTS 2” and “3 CENTS 3” types.
These stamps were printed on paper with single-line watermark (190), double-line watermark (191), or unwatermarked.
Printing Techniques: Intaglio, Flat Plate, Rotary Press, Offset
The Washington-Franklin stamps of the 1908-1922 period were printed using various techniques to produce their unique designs and characteristics. These printing techniques include intaglio printing, flat plate press, rotary press, and offset printing.
Intaglio printing, also known as recess printing, was utilized to create intricate details on the stamps. In this method, lines are etched or carved into a printing plate, and ink is applied to the grooves. The ink is then transferred onto the paper under pressure, resulting in stamps with fine, detailed impressions.
Flat plate press and rotary press are two types of intaglio printing methods used for Washington-Franklin stamps. The flat plate press involves using a flat printing plate, while the rotary press utilizes a rounded printing plate. The rotary press allows for faster printing and higher production volumes.
Offset printing, on the other hand, was introduced during World War I as a faster and more efficient method. It involves employing a rubber cylinder to transfer the inked image from the plate to a blanket cylinder, which then offsets the image onto the paper. This technique produces stamps with coarser details and a flat ink surface.
Each printing technique used in the production of the Washington-Franklin stamps contributed to the distinct appearance and collectible value of these philatelic items.
| Technique | Description |
|————————–|—————————————————————|
| Intaglio Printing | – Etching or carving lines into a printing plate |
| | – Applying ink to grooves |
| | – Transfer onto paper under pressure |
| Flat Plate Press | – Using a flat printing plate |
| | – Producing fine, detailed impressions |
| Rotary Press | – Utilizing a rounded printing plate |
| | – Allowing for faster printing and higher production volumes |
| Offset Printing | – Transferring inked image from plate to blanket cylinder |
| | – Offset onto paper |
| | – Producing stamps with coarser details and a flat ink surface |
The History of Coil Stamps and Their Importance
The introduction of coil stamps, such as the Washington-Franklin series, played a significant role in meeting the growing demands of postal communication in the United States. As the nation experienced favorable economic conditions, westward expansion, and population growth, an efficient mail service became essential for connecting people across the country. During this period, penny postcards and one-ounce letters emerged as popular means of communication, resulting in a high demand for stamps.
The Washington-Franklin series marked a shift in stamp design, moving away from the complexity of previous issues to a simpler approach. This series prominently featured two engraved heads: President Washington and Benjamin Franklin. These iconic figures had previously appeared on the first American stamps issued in 1847, reflecting the country’s design roots.
To understand the significance of coil stamps, it is important to recognize the historical context in which they were introduced. The United States was experiencing rapid growth, both in terms of population and territorial expansion. The expansion of railroads and the opening of new trade routes further fueled the need for efficient postal communication.
With the economic conditions in the United States favoring development and the country’s westward expansion leading to an increase in population, the mail service played a crucial role in connecting individuals and facilitating communication. Stamps, including coil stamps, became indispensable tools in this era of progress and connectivity.
Coil stamps were specifically designed to meet the requirements of the postal system during this era. They were produced in rolls rather than in sheets, making them easier to handle and dispense. The coil format enabled efficient application to envelopes and packages, streamlining the mailing process.
The Impact of Population Growth and Westward Expansion
The rapid growth of population and westward expansion placed unprecedented demands on the postal system. As more people settled in new territories and sought to stay connected with friends and family, the need for reliable and accessible mail service became increasingly evident. The introduction of coil stamps helped meet this demand, ensuring the efficient delivery of letters and parcels across vast distances.
The Role of Economic Conditions
Favorable economic conditions in the United States during this period further contributed to the importance of postal communication. As industries thrived and trade flourished, the exchange of information and goods became crucial for economic growth. The availability of affordable and accessible postage stamps enabled individuals to participate actively in this expanding network of commerce.
Summary
Coil stamps, such as the Washington-Franklin series, hold historical significance as they reflect the economic conditions, westward expansion, and population growth that shaped the United States during the early 20th century. These stamps played a vital role in facilitating postal communication, connecting people across the nation and fostering economic development. By understanding the history of coil stamps, we gain a deeper appreciation for their importance in the context of America’s progress.
Varieties Within the Washington-Franklin Series
Within the Washington-Franklin series, collectors can explore a diverse range of stamp varieties based on design types. These varieties offer unique characteristics and add depth to any stamp collection. Let’s take a closer look at the different design types within the Washington-Franklin series:
- Washington with Olive Branches and Postage Spelled Out: This design features a portrait of President Washington surrounded by olive branches. The denomination is spelled out in words, adding an elegant touch to the stamp.
- Franklin with Olive Branches and the Denomination Spelled Out: Similar to the Washington design, this variation showcases Benjamin Franklin with olive branches, and the denomination is also spelled out in words.
- Washington with Olive Branches and Postage in Numeral Form: In this design, President Washington is depicted with olive branches, but instead of spelling out the postage, it is presented in numeral form, offering a different visual appeal.
- Franklin with Oak Leaves and Postage in Numeral Form: This variation features Benjamin Franklin with oak leaves, representing a design change introduced in 1912. The postage is displayed in numeral form, giving the stamp a distinct look.
- Franklin with Horizontal Frame for Higher-Denomination Stamps: Higher-denomination stamps in the Washington-Franklin series often utilize a horizontal frame for design balance. This design variation adds a unique touch to these stamps.
As the designs evolved over time, collectors can also observe changes such as the introduction of oak leaves and the use of numerals instead of spelling out the postage. These variations allow collectors to appreciate the artistic and historical elements present in the Washington-Franklin series.
The First United States Stamps
The first United States stamps were issued in 1847 and were imperforate. The five-cent stamp featured the portrait of Benjamin Franklin, while the ten-cent stamp depicted an image of George Washington. These stamps were printed by Rawdon, Wright, Hatch & Edson and were used to reduce postage rates and simplify the postal system. The quality of the printing on the five-cent stamp was generally poor, possibly due to ink corrosion on the plate. These stamps were primarily used for regular postage rates and handled through canceling devices or pen markings. Collectors often seek out unused examples of these stamps, as cleaned or altered stamps can be misleading.
First United States Stamps – 1847
| Stamp | Denomination | Design | Printing Company |
|---|---|---|---|
| Five-cent stamp | 5 cents | Portrait of Benjamin Franklin | Rawdon, Wright, Hatch & Edson |
| Ten-cent stamp | 10 cents | Image of George Washington | Rawdon, Wright, Hatch & Edson |
The Types of the One Cent 1851 Stamp
The one cent 1851 stamp is known for its various types, which are determined by the transfer of the die to the plate and plate wear. There are six main types of the one cent 1851 stamp: Type I, Type Ia, Type II, Type III, Type IIIa, and Type IV. Each type has distinct characteristics and is highly sought after by collectors.
Type I is the original design as engraved on the die and is extremely rare. This type features an intricate engraving of Benjamin Franklin’s portrait and the denomination “ONE CENT” below. The lines above and below the denomination are complete and unbroken, making it a coveted variety for collectors.
Type Ia is a slight variation of Type I, with a break in the line above the denomination. This small detail differentiates it from the Type I stamp and adds to its rarity.
Type II, III, and IIIa stamps exhibit various degrees of wear on the plate, resulting in more significant breaks or weakening of the lines above and below the denomination. These types are valuable to collectors interested in plate wear and the impact it has on stamp design.
Type IV stamps have additional breaks in the lines, both above and below the denomination, giving them a distinct appearance. These stamps are unique and highly sought after by collectors.
Collectors specializing in the one cent 1851 stamp types enjoy the challenge of identifying and acquiring these variations, as well as exploring the different shades and cancels available. Additionally, the intricate engraving and historical significance of these stamps make them valuable additions to any collection.
Example Table: Types of the One Cent 1851 Stamp
| Type | Characteristics |
|---|---|
| Type I | Original design with complete lines above and below denomination |
| Type Ia | Similar to Type I with a break in the line above the denomination |
| Type II | Lines above and below the denomination weaken or break |
| Type III | More significant breaks in the lines above and below the denomination |
| Type IIIa | Similar to Type III with additional breaks and weakening |
| Type IV | Distinct breaks in the lines above and below the denomination |
The Three Cent 1851 Stamp
The three cent 1851 stamp was introduced to reflect a reduction in the common letter rate from 5 cents to 3 cents. With this change, the postage rate became more affordable for the general public, encouraging increased use of the mail service.
There are two main varieties of the three cent 1851 stamp:
- The #10 in copper brown or orange brown
- The #11 in various shades of red brown
The #10 stamp is less common and comes from the early printings, while the #11 stamp is more readily available. Both varieties were extensively used during the time they were in circulation, but due to their frequent use, the survival rate of these stamps is relatively low compared to the number of stamps originally issued.
Collectors of the three cent 1851 stamp can study the various shades and cancels of these stamps to specialize and further enhance their collections.
| Variety | Color | Rarity |
|---|---|---|
| #10 | Copper Brown or Orange Brown | Less Common |
| #11 | Various Shades of Red Brown | More Readily Available |
The Popularity of Washington-Franklin Stamps and Their Value
Washington-Franklin stamps, including the coil stamp varieties, have gained immense popularity among collectors worldwide. These stamps hold significant historical value and present a captivating challenge for philatelists in their pursuit of identifying and acquiring the various types and variations available.
Within the Washington-Franklin series, certain rare stamps hold exceptional value in the collecting community. These coveted rarities can command prices in the thousands of dollars, making them highly sought after by enthusiasts and investors alike.
The value of Washington-Franklin stamps is influenced by a combination of factors, including the stamp’s condition, rarity, and overall demand among collectors. Just like any other collectible item, the value of these stamps can fluctuate based on market trends and individual preferences.
Collectors and enthusiasts of Washington-Franklin stamps find great joy in the thrill of uncovering hidden gems and expanding their collections. The enduring popularity of these stamps reflects both their historical significance and the passion of collectors who appreciate their beauty, rarity, and the unique stories they tell.
